Fingerprint Based Biometric Attendance System using Arduino

Attendance systems are commonly used systems to mark the presence in offices and schools. From manually marking the attendance in attendance registers to using high-tech applications and bio-metric systems, these systems have improved significantly.

It is widely accepted that a proper attendance management system is crucial for any kind of institution. Since there are a lot of practical issues involved in paper-based manual attendance methods, nowadays almost all companies have automated their process of attendance management.

Understanding Fingerprint-Based Biometric Attendance System

Fingerprint biometrics is based on the unique patterns of ridges and furrows present on an individual's fingertips. These patterns are virtually impossible to replicate, making fingerprints an ideal identifier for biometric applications. A Fingerprint-Based Biometric Attendance System using Arduino utilizes this unique trait to provide an accurate and secure method of recording attendance.

Components Required

To build the Fingerprint-Based Biometric Attendance System, you will need the following components:

Arduino Board ( Arduino Uno)
Fingerprint Sensor Module ( R305/R307 Fingerprint Sensor)
Real Time Clock Module (DS3231/DS1307)
LCD Display (16x2 )
Jumper wires
Pushbuttons for navigation
Power supply and connecting cables

Understanding the Components

The heart of our fingerprint-based biometric attendance system is the Arduino microcontroller, a versatile and widely used open-source platform. Alongside Arduino, we will require a few essential components to build the system:

Fingerprint Sensor: This module scans and captures the unique fingerprint patterns of individuals. It then converts the fingerprints into digital data for further processing.
Display Module: An LCD display is utilized to provide real-time feedback, such as attendance status or instructions to users.
Keypad: A small keypad can be integrated to offer additional functionality, like an admin login or manual entry mode.
Buzzer: A simple audio output device, such as a buzzer, can be incorporated to provide auditory cues during various events, like successful authentication or errors.

How it Works
- Enrollment: The system administrator enrolls individuals by capturing their fingerprints using the fingerprint sensor. The unique fingerprint data is then stored in the Arduino's memory along with their corresponding identities.
- Authentication: When a person needs to mark their attendance, they place their finger on the fingerprint sensor. The sensor captures the fingerprint and converts it into digital data.
- Matching Algorithm: The Arduino compares the captured fingerprint data with the stored templates using an advanced matching algorithm. If a match is found, the individual's identity is verified.
- Attendance Marking: Once the identity is verified, the system marks the attendance in real-time, and the LCD display may show a success message or the person's name.
- Error Handling: In case of an unsuccessful match, the system can prompt the user to try again or display an error message on the LCD screen.
- Admin Features: For administrative purposes, the system may include an additional level of security through a keypad, enabling authorized personnel to access attendance records or add new users.

Setting Up the Hardware:

Step 1: Connect the fingerprint sensor module to the Arduino using jumper wires.

Step 2: Connect the LCD display to the Arduino to show attendance details.

Step 3: Download and install the necessary libraries for the fingerprint sensor and LCD display.

For Fingerprint Based Bio-metric Attendance System using Arduino you need to download add the fingerprint Sensor library & DS3231 Library. in Arduino IDE app library

Step 4: Programming the Arduino

Write the code to interface the fingerprint sensor with the Arduino board. The code should include functions for fingerprint enrollment and recognition. During enrollment, each employee's fingerprint is scanned and stored in the system's database. During recognition, the system matches the scanned fingerprint with the stored data to identify the employee and record their attendance.

Step 5: Registering Employee Fingerprints:

Now enroll new employees into the system by capturing and storing their fingerprints in the sensor's database.

Step 6: Attendance Marking:

When the employee place their finger on the sensor. Arduino Match the scanned fingerprint with the stored templates to verify the employee's identity.
If the fingerprint matches, mark the attendance and display a Attendance Register success message on the LCD display; otherwise, show Fingerprint not registerd message.

Step 6: Data Storage and Reporting:

To download stored attendance in CSV file connect the arduino to the PC/Laptop open Arduino IDE app and then press two reset button (one of the rduino and another the push button which you set externaly ) together.

Circuit Diagram:

Benefits of Fingerprint-Based Biometric Attendance System

Accuracy: Fingerprint patterns are unique to individuals, making the system highly accurate in identifying users. This reduces the chances of proxy attendance or identity fraud.
Time-Efficient: The entire process of authentication takes only a few seconds, significantly reducing time wastage during attendance marking.
Cost-Effective: Compared to other biometric modalities, fingerprint-based systems are more affordable and require minimal maintenance.
Data Security: Fingerprint templates are stored securely within the Arduino's memory, reducing the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data.
User-Friendly: The system is user-friendly and requires minimal training for individuals to use it effectively.

Conclusion

The Fingerprint-Based Biometric Attendance System using Arduino represents a significant leap in attendance tracking technology. By leveraging the uniqueness of fingerprints, this system provides an accurate, efficient, and secure solution for managing workforce attendance. With its ability to eliminate time theft and enhance overall productivity, organizations can enjoy streamlined operations and improved workforce management. As biometric technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more sophisticated solutions that further enhance security and efficiency in various aspects of our lives.

Code

	  
	  	  
	   #include "Adafruit_Fingerprint.h" //fingerprint library header file
#include<EEPROM.h> //command for storing data
#include<LiquidCrystal.h> //lcd header file
LiquidCrystal lcd(8,9,10,11,12,13);
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial fingerPrint(2, 3); //for tx/rx communication between arduino & r305 fingerprint sensor

#include <Wire.h>
#include "RTClib.h" //library file for DS3231 RTC Module
RTC_DS3231 rtc;

uint8_t id;
Adafruit_Fingerprint finger = Adafruit_Fingerprint(&fingerPrint);

#define register_back 14
#define delete_ok 15
#define forward 16
#define reverse 17
#define match 5
#define indFinger 7
#define buzzer 5

#define records 10 // 10 for 10 user

int user1,user2,user3,user4,user5,user6,user7,user8,user9,user10;

DateTime now;

void setup()
{
delay(1000);
lcd.begin(16,2);
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(register_back, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(forward, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(reverse, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(delete_ok, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(match, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
pinMode(indFinger, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please wait !");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Downloding Data");

Serial.println("Please wait");
Serial.println("Downloding Data..");
Serial.println();

Serial.print("S.No. ");
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
Serial.print(" User ID");
Serial.print(i+1);
Serial.print(" ");
}
Serial.println();
int eepIndex=0;
for(int i=0;i<30;i++)
{
if(i+1<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(i+1);
Serial.print(" ");
eepIndex=(i*7);
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+210;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+420;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+630;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+840;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1050;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1260;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1470;
download(eepIndex);
eepIndex=(i*7)+1680;
download(eepIndex);
Serial.println();
}
}
if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Reseting.....");
for(int i=1000;i<1005;i++)
EEPROM.write(i,0);
for(int i=0;i<841;i++)
EEPROM.write(i, 0xff);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("System Reset");
delay(1000);
}

lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Fingerprint ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Attendance System");
delay(2000);
lcd.clear();

digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(500);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
for(int i=1000;i<1000+records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) == 0xff)
EEPROM.write(i,0);
}

finger.begin(57600);
Serial.begin(9600);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finding Module..");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
delay(2000);
if (finger.verifyPassword())
{
Serial.println("Found fingerprint sensor!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Module Found");
delay(2000);
}
else
{
Serial.println("Did not find fingerprint sensor :(");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Module Not Found");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Check Connections");
while (1);
}

if (! rtc.begin())
Serial.println("Couldn't find RTC");

// rtc.adjust(DateTime(F(__DATE__), F(__TIME__)));

if (rtc.lostPower())
{
Serial.println("RTC is NOT running!");
// following line sets the RTC to the date & time this sketch was compiled
rtc.adjust(DateTime(2018, 6, 7, 11, 0, 0));
// This line sets the RTC with an explicit date & time, for example to set
// June 7, 2018 at 11am you would call:
// rtc.adjust(DateTime(2018, 6, 7, 11, 0, 0));
}
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print(" Press Match to ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Start System");
delay(3000);

user1=EEPROM.read(1000);
user2=EEPROM.read(1001);
user3=EEPROM.read(1002);
user4=EEPROM.read(1003);
user5=EEPROM.read(1004);
lcd.clear();
digitalWrite(indFinger, HIGH);

}

void loop()
{
now = rtc.now();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("Time: ");
lcd.print(now.hour(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.minute(), DEC);
lcd.print(':');
lcd.print(now.second(), DEC);
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Date: ");
lcd.print(now.day(), DEC);
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.month(), DEC);
lcd.print('/');
lcd.print(now.year(), DEC);
lcd.print(" ");
delay(500);
int result=getFingerprintIDez();
if(result>0)
{
digitalWrite(indFinger, LOW);
digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("ID:");
lcd.print(result);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Please Wait....");
delay(1000);
attendance(result);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Attendance ");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Registered");
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(indFinger, HIGH);
return;
}
checkKeys();
delay(300);
}

// dmyyhms - 7 bytes
void attendance(int id)
{
int user=0,eepLoc=0;
if(id == 1)
{
eepLoc=0;
user=user1++;
}
else if(id == 2)
{
eepLoc=210;
user=user2++;
}
else if(id == 3)
{
eepLoc=420;
user=user3++;
}
else if(id == 4)
{
eepLoc=630;
user=user4++;
}
else if(id == 5)
{
eepLoc=0;
user=user5++;
}
else if(id == 6)
{
eepLoc=840;
user=user5++;
}
else if(id == 7)
{
eepLoc=1050;
user=user7++;
}
else if(id == 8)
{
eepLoc=1260;
user=user8++;
}
else if(id == 9)
{
eepLoc=1470;
user=user9++;
}
else if(id == 10)
{
eepLoc=1680;
user=user8++;
}
/*else if(id == 5) // fifth user
{
eepLoc=840;
user=user5++;
}*/
else
return;

int eepIndex=(user*7)+eepLoc;
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.hour());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.minute());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.second());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.day());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.month());
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.year()>>8 );
EEPROM.write(eepIndex++, now.year());

EEPROM.write(1000,user1);
EEPROM.write(1001,user2);
EEPROM.write(1002,user3);
EEPROM.write(1003,user4);
// EEPROM.write(4,user5); // figth user
}

void checkKeys()
{
if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
delay(1000);
while(digitalRead(register_back) == 0);
Enroll();
}

else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please Wait");
delay(1000);
delet();
}
}

void Enroll()
{
int count=1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enter Finger ID:");

while(1)
{
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
if(digitalRead(forward) == 0)
{
count++;
if(count>records)
count=1;
delay(500);
}

else if(digitalRead(reverse) == 0)
{
count--;
if(count<1)
count=records;
delay(500);
}
else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
id=count;
getFingerprintEnroll();
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) != 0xff)
{
EEPROM.write(i, id);
break;
}
}
return;
}

else if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
return;
}
}
}

void delet()
{
int count=1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Enter Finger ID");

while(1)
{
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(count);
if(digitalRead(forward) == 0)
{
count++;
if(count>records)
count=1;
delay(500);
}

else if(digitalRead(reverse) == 0)
{
count--;
if(count<1)
count=records;
delay(500);
}
else if(digitalRead(delete_ok) == 0)
{
id=count;
deleteFingerprint(id);
for(int i=0;i<records;i++)
{
if(EEPROM.read(i) == id)
{
EEPROM.write(i, 0xff);
break;
}
}
return;
}

else if(digitalRead(register_back) == 0)
{
return;
}
}
}

uint8_t getFingerprintEnroll()
{
int p = -1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("finger ID:");
lcd.print(id);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Place Finger");
delay(2000);
while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
p = finger.getImage();
switch (p)
{
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image taken");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image taken");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
Serial.println("No Finger");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("No Finger Found");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Comm Error");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
Serial.println("Imaging error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Imaging Error");
break;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Unknown Error");
break;
}
}

// OK success!

p = finger.image2Tz(1);
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image converted");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image converted");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
Serial.println("Image too messy");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Image too messy");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Comm Error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Feature Not Found");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Feature Not Found");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Unknown Error");
return p;
}

Serial.println("Remove finger");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Remove Finger");
delay(2000);
p = 0;
while (p != FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER) {
p = finger.getImage();
}
Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);
p = -1;
Serial.println("Place same finger again");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Place Finger");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print(" Again");
while (p != FINGERPRINT_OK) {
p = finger.getImage();
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image taken");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_NOFINGER:
Serial.print(".");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEFAIL:
Serial.println("Imaging error");
break;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return;
}
}

// OK success!

p = finger.image2Tz(2);
switch (p) {
case FINGERPRINT_OK:
Serial.println("Image converted");
break;
case FINGERPRINT_IMAGEMESS:
Serial.println("Image too messy");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR:
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_FEATUREFAIL:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
case FINGERPRINT_INVALIDIMAGE:
Serial.println("Could not find fingerprint features");
return p;
default:
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}

// OK converted!
Serial.print("Creating model for #"); Serial.println(id);

p = finger.createModel();
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
Serial.println("Prints matched!");
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) {
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_ENROLLMISMATCH) {
Serial.println("Fingerprints did not match");
return p;
} else {
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}

Serial.print("ID "); Serial.println(id);
p = finger.storeModel(id);
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK) {
Serial.println("Stored!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Finger Stored!");
delay(2000);
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_PACKETRECIEVEERR) {
Serial.println("Communication error");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_BADLOCATION) {
Serial.println("Could not store in that location");
return p;
} else if (p == FINGERPRINT_FLASHERR) {
Serial.println("Error writing to flash");
return p;
}
else {
Serial.println("Unknown error");
return p;
}
}

int getFingerprintIDez()
{
uint8_t p = finger.getImage();

if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
return -1;

p = finger.image2Tz();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
return -1;

p = finger.fingerFastSearch();
if (p != FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finger Not Found");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Try Later");
delay(2000);
return -1;
}
// found a match!
Serial.print("Found ID #");
Serial.print(finger.fingerID);
return finger.fingerID;
}

uint8_t deleteFingerprint(uint8_t id)
{
uint8_t p = -1;
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Please wait");
p = finger.deleteModel(id);
if (p == FINGERPRINT_OK)
{
Serial.println("Deleted!");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Finger Deleted");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Successfully");
delay(1000);
}

else
{
Serial.print("Something Wrong");
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Something Wrong");
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("Try Again Later");
delay(2000);
return p;
}
}

void download(int eepIndex)
{

if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex) != 0xff)
{
Serial.print("T->");
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(':');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(':');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print(" D->");
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print('/');
if(EEPROM.read(eepIndex)<10)
Serial.print('0');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
Serial.print('/');
Serial.print(EEPROM.read(eepIndex++)<<8 | EEPROM.read(eepIndex++));
}
else
{
Serial.print("---------------------------");
}

Serial.print(" ");
}

SovanHax

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Fingerprint Based Biometric Attendance System using Arduino

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SovanHax